| Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitus) and scabies
(itch mites - Sarcoptes scabei) are parasites that appear to be making a comeback in the
United States. All members of society appear to be equally susceptible. Dermatologists
point out that these parasitic infections are not conditions of low-income families,
neglected children or poor hygiene - no one is immune.
Both lice and scabies are highly contagious diseases. The main symptom is severe
itching. The organisms that cause these diseases are different:
- Lice have six
legs and are considered insects
- Scabies have
eight legs and are more closely related to ticks and spiders.
However, the modes of transmission and symptoms are
relatively the same. Both lice and scabies are transmitted by person-to-person contact.
Lice can be transmitted through contaminated clothing, bedding and upholstered furniture.
Itching is the result of the organism feeding on or burrowing into the skin. In the case
of scabies, the mites secrete a substance that causes an allergic reaction. In both cases,
itching may lead to open sores and secondary infections.
Both parasites feed on the human host and need it
to survive. Once removed from the host, these organisms die within 24 hours. To control
the infestation of these parasites, the infected person must be treated with
over-the-counter or medically prescribed shampoos or lotions. In addition, the environment
of the infected person should be treated. All clothing, bed linens and personal articles
should be thoroughly washed in hot water and dried using the hot cycle. Heat is lethal to
these parasites and their eggs. Personal items that cannot be washed should be dry-cleaned
or placed in a plastic bag for 7 to 10 days. Vacuuming is recommended for all carpets,
upholstered furniture, mattresses and car seats.
There are no disinfectants
that carry claims against these parasites, as they are associated with the human body and
not with hard surfaces. However,
early diagnosis followed by rapid treatment of the infected individual and proper cleaning
procedures are key in controlling the transmission of these parasitic diseases.
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